relatives by blood

sanguis, ĭnis (acc. SANGVEM, Inscr. Fratr. Arval. tab. 41, 22; Inscr. Orell. 2270 and 5054; cf. ex-sanguis, acc. -em.— Neutr. collat. form sanguen, ante-class., Enn. ap. Non. 224; id.ap.Cic.Rep. 1, 41, 64; id.ap.Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 31; Cic. de Or. 3, 58, 218; id. ap. Prisc. p. 708 P.; Cato ap. Gell. 3, 7, 19; Att. and Varr. ap. Non. l. l.; Lucr. 1, 837; 1, 860; Petr. 59, 1; Arn. 1, 36), m. [etym. dub.; prob. root sak-, sag-, to drop, flow; cf. Angl.-Sax. sūc-an; Germ. saugen], blood (class. only in the sing.; cf. cruor).

Lit.:

guttam haut habeo sanguinis,

Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 76: quod sanguen defluxerat, Cato ap. Gell. 3, 7, 19:

sine sanguine hoc fieri non posse,

bloodshed, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 9:

sanguen creari,

Lucr. 1, 837:

nobis venas et sanguen...esse,

id. 1, 860:

in quem (ventriculum cordis) sanguis a jecore per venam illam cavam influit: eoque modo ex his partibus sanguis per venas in omne corpus diffunditur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 138:

fluvius Atratus sanguine,

id. Div. 1, 43, 98:

flumine sanguinis meum reditum interclu, dendum putaverunt,

id. Red. ad Quir. 5, 14; id. Red. in Sen. 3, 6:

nuntiatum est, in foro Subertano sanguinis rivos per totum diem fluxisse,

Liv. 26, 23, 5:

cum rivi sanguis flammam orientem restinguere,

id. 28, 23, 2: pugnatum ingenti caede utrimque, [p. 1627] plurimo sanguine, Liv. 2, 64: haurire sanguinem, to shed (another's) blood:

ad meum sanguinem hauriendum advolaverunt,

Cic. Sest. 24, 54:

tanti sanguinis nostri hauriendi est sitis,

Liv. 26, 13, 14:

nisi hauriendum sanguinem laniendaque viscera nostra praebuerimus,

id. 9, 1, 9:

relicum sanguinem jubentes haurire,

id. 22, 51, 7:

multum sanguinem invicem hausimus,

Curt. 4, 14, 17:

multorum sanguinem hauserunt,

Sen. Ben. 6, 30, 5; Lact. 5, 1, 8: sanguinem dare, to shed (one's own) blood, give (one's) life:

in beluas strinximus ferrum, hauriendus aut dandus est sanguis,

Liv. 7, 24, 4:

dandus invidiae est sanguis,

id. 3, 54, 4:

quid super sanguinis, qui dari pro re publicā posset, rogitantes,

id. 4, 58, 13; Sen. Ira, 1, 2, 2; 3, 18, 2:

sanguinem mittere,

to bleed, let blood, Cic. Att. 6, 1, 2; so Cels. 2, 10; 4, 13;

for which: emittere sanguinem de aure,

Col. 6, 14, 3:

sub caudā,

id. 7, 5, 19; 6, 6, 4; 6, 9, 1:

demere (e capite),

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 23:

detrahere (ex auriculā),

Col. 6, 14, 3; Cels. 2, 10, 4; 6, 6, 26:

ex adversā parte de auriculā sanguinem mittere,

Col. 7, 10, 2:

supprimere sanguinem,

to stanch, stop, Cels. 2, 10;

for which: cohibere,

id. 8, 4; Plin. 22, 25, 71, § 147:

sistere,

id. 20, 7, 25, § 59; 28, 18, 73, § 239.—

Plur. (late Lat.):

vir sanguinum,

i. e. bloody, violent, cruel, Vulg. 2 Reg. 16, 7, 8; id. Psa. 5, 6; 25, 9; 54, 23; cf.:

libera me de sanguinibus,

i. e. the guilt of shedding blood, id. ib. 50, 15:

vae civitati sanguinum,

id. Ezech. 24, 9.—

Transf. (class.; esp. freq. in the poets).

Blood, i. e. consanguinity, descent, race, stock, family.

Abstr.:

sanguine conjuncti,

blood-relations, relatives by blood, Cic. Inv. 2, 53, 161; Sall. J. 10, 3:

alicui materno a sanguine jungi,

Ov. M. 2, 368:

alicui sanguine cohaerere,

Quint. 8, 3, 75:

progeniem Trojano a sanguine duci,

Verg. A. 1, 19; cf.:

genus alto a sanguine Teucri,

id. ib. 4, 230:

Semiramio Polydaemona sanguine cretum,

Ov. M. 5, 85:

sanguine cretus Sisyphio,

id. ib. 13, 31:

nostri quoque sanguinis auctor Juppiter est,

id. ib. 13, 142:

nec iis tantum quos sanguine attingit amandus,

Plin. Ep. 7, 24, 2:

sanguinem sociare,

Liv. 4, 4, 6:

Tiridates sanguinis ejusdem,

Tac. A. 6, 32.—

Concr., a descendant, offspring: o pater, o genitor, o sanguen dis oriundum! Enn. ap. Cic. Rep. 1, 41, 64; and id. ap. Prisc. p. 708 P. (Ann. v. 117 Vahl.); cf.:

non magis in alienis, quam in proximis ac sanguine ipso suo exerceret,

Liv. 7, 4, 3:

in suum sanguinem saevire,

id. 40, 5, 1:

Alexandri sanguis et stirps,

Curt. 10, 6, 10:

suum sanguinem perditum ire,

Tac. A. 4, 66; 3, 4:

ne secus quam suum sanguinem (eum) foveret ac tolleret,

id. ib. 4, 8; Vell. 1, 10, 5; Val. Max. 5, 9, 4:

seu deos regesve canit, deorum Sanguinem, etc.,

Hor. C. 4, 2, 14: clarus Anchisae Venerisque sanguis (i. e. Æneas), id. C. S. 50: regius sanguis (i. e. Europa), id. C. 3, 27, 65: vos, o Pompilius sanguis (i. e. the Pisos), id. A. P. 292:

non ego, pauperum Sanguis parentum,

id. C. 2, 20, 6:

pro sanguine tuo,

Ov. M. 5, 515:

sanguis meus,

Verg. A. 6, 836:

tuus,

Tib. 1, 6, 66; Stat. Th. 3, 559.—

Of other fluids (rare):

et viridis nemori sanguis decedit et herbis,

Manil. 5, 212:

Baccheus,

i. e. wine, Stat. Th. 1, 329; cf. Plin. 14, 5, 7, § 58:

Pallas amat turgentes sanguine baccas,

Nemes. Ecl. 2, 50.—

Trop., vigor, strength, force, spirit, life (class.), Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 45:

amisimus, mi Pomponi, omnem non modo sucum ac sanguinem, sed etiam colorem et speciem pristinam civitatis,

Cic. Att. 4, 18, 2 (4, 16, 10); cf.

Sall. Fragm. Or. Lepidi, § 25: vos o, quibus integer aevi Sanguis, ait, solidaeque suo stant robore vires,

Verg. A. 2, 639: quae cum de sanguine detraxisset aerarii, had bled the treasury (the figure taken from blood-letting), Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 36, § 83; cf.: cum ex aphaireseôs provinciam curarit, sanguinem miserit, etc., id. Att. 6, 1, 2:

missus est sanguis invidiae sine dolore,

id. ib. 1, 16, 11:

qui ab illo pestifero ac perdito civi jam pridem rei publicae sanguine saginantur,

id. Sest. 36, 78; cf.:

illa in agendis causis jam detrita: Jugulum petere et Sanguinem mittere...nec offendunt tamen,

Quint. 8, 6, 51.—Of vigor, force of style:

sucus ille et sanguis incorruptus usque ad hanc aetatem oratorum fuit, in quā naturalis inesset, non fucatus nitor,

Cic. Brut. 9, 36: orationis subtilitas etsi non plurimi sanguinis est, etc., id. Or. 23, 76:

sanguine et viribus niteat,

Quint. 8, 3, 6; so (with vires) id. 10, 2, 12:

Calvus metuens, ne vitiosum colligeret, etiam verum sanguinem deperdebat,

Cic. Brut. 82, 283:

dicta plena sanguinis,

Quint. 11, 1, 34:

sanguinem ipsum ac medullam verborum ejus eruere atque introspicere penitus,

Gell. 18, 4, 2.

* * *

sŏcĭus, a, um, adj. [root sec- of sequor], sharing, joining in, partaking, united, associated, kindred, allied, fellow (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf. subst. infra):

hic (Augustus) socium cum Jove nomen habet,

Ov. F. 1, 608:

aurea possedit socio Capitolia templo Mater,

i. e. in common with Jupiter, id. ib. 6, 73:

regnum,

id. M. 5, 378:

classis,

id. ib. 13, 352:

sepulcrum,

id. H. 11, 123:

lectus,

id. A. A. 2, 377:

ignes,

id. M. 9, 795:

anni,

id. H. 2, 33:

linguae,

id. Tr. 5, 10, 35:

dei,

id. F. 2, 618:

spes,

id. M. 13, 375:

sociis quid noctibus uxor anxia,

Stat. S. 3, 5, 1:

platanus clara in Lyciā gelidi fontis sociā amoenitate,

Plin. 12, 1, 5, § 9:

potestas,

Amm. 26, 2, 8.—

Esp., leagued, allied, confederate:

cura sociae retinendae urbis,

Liv. 27, 1; so,

urbs,

id. 31, 24:

civitates,

id. 41, 6 fin.; Quint. 3, 8, 12; cf.:

civitas nobis,

Tac. A. 13, 57:

agmina,

Verg. A. 2, 371: manus, i. e. of the allies (in the Bellum Sociale), Ov. Am. 3, 15, 10:

classis,

id. M. 13, 352:

arma,

Sil. 7, 635.—Hence, substt

sŏcĭus, i, m. ( gen. plur. socium, Liv. 43, 6, 12; 44, 21, 10; v. II. B. infra;

also in the poets,

Verg. A. 5, 174; Prop. 3, 7, 41; Neue, Formenl. 1, 112 sq.).

In gen., fellow, sharer, partner, comrade, companion, associate (very freq. and class.;

syn.: consors, particeps): belli particeps et socius et adjutor,

Cic. Att. 9, 10, 5; cf.:

consiliorum omnium particeps et socius paene regni,

id. Rep. 2, 20, 35; cf.:

regni sociis,

Luc. 1, 92:

hereditatis,

Plin. Pan. 38:

tuorum consiliorum (with particeps),

Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 22:

fortunarum omnium (with particeps),

Cic. Font. 17, 37 (21, 47):

me quidem certe tuarum actionum, sententiarum, rerum denique omnium socium comitemque habebis,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 22:

praeter Laelium neminem habeo culpae socium,

id. Att. 11, 14, 1:

Agusius, omnium laborum, periculorum meorum socius,

id. Fam. 13, 71:

socius et consors gloriosi laboris,

id. Brut. 1, 2; Sall. J. 29, 2:

Romuli socius in Sabino proelio,

Cic. Rep. 2, 8, 14; for which, with dat.:

alicui socius,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 72:

hunc cape consiliis socium,

Verg. A. 5, 712:

hos castris adhibe socios,

id. 8, 56:

socium esse in negotiis,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 9:

quia sine sociis nemo quicquam tale conatur,

Cic. Lael. 12, 42:

socium ad malam rem quaerere,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 22:

cum sociis operum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 142:

ante alios Infert se socium Aeneas,

Verg. A. 4, 142:

amissā sociorum parte,

Ov. M. 14, 242.— Poet.:

generis socii,

i. e. relatives, Ov. M. 3, 259; cf.

sanguinis,

id. Tr. 4, 5, 29:

tori,

i. e. a spouse, consort, id. M. 14, 678.—

In partic.

In mercant. lang., a copartner, partner in business:

socii putandi sunt, quos inter res communicata est, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 20, § 50; id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116; id. Quint. 3, 12:

nefarium est socium fallere qui se in negotio conjunxit,

id. Rosc. Com. 6, 16.—So, socii, of the company of farmers of the public revenue, Cic. Fam. 13, 9, 3; Plin. 33, 7, 40, § 120; cf. societas, II. A. 2. —Hence,

Jurid. t. t.:

pro socio (agere, damnari, etc.),

for defrauding a partner, Cic. Fl. 18, 43; id. Quint. 3, 13; cf. Dig. 17, [p. 1716] tit. 2: Pro socio.—

In publicists' lang., an ally, confederate (cf. foederatus); plur., Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 25:

servate vestros socios,

id. Cist. 1, 3, 51:

Boios receptos ad se socios sibi asciscunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 5 fin.; 1, 11 fin.; 1, 14; 1, 15;

1, 36: Cyprius rex, cujus majores huic populo socii atque amici semper fuerunt,

Cic. Dom. 20, 52; Liv. 29, 17; 44, 1 et saep. al.;

opp. hostes,

Sall. C. 51, 38; id. J. 92, 2.— Sing.:

socius et amicus populi Romani,

Sall. J. 24, 3.—In the connection, socii et Latini, or, more freq., socii et nomen Latinum, the term socii denotes the Italian people dwelling out of Latium who were under the protection of and allied with Rome, the Italian allies, Cic. Lael. 3, 12; id. Rep. 6, 12, 12; id. Sest. 13, 30; id. Rep. 1, 19, 31; 3, 29, 41; Sall. J. 39, 2; 42, 1:

socii nomenque Latinum,

id. ib. 43, 4 Kritz N. cr.; Liv. 29, 27;

for which, also: socii ac nominis Latini,

id. 41, 8;

and without ellipsis: per homines nominis Latini et socios Italicos impedimenta parabant,

Sall. J. 40, 2; cf.

also: quos (milites) uti ex Latio et a sociis cogeret,

id. ib. 95, 1. —The socii Latini nominis, on the other hand, are simply the Latin allies, the Latins, Liv. 40, 36; 32, 8; 41, 12:

socii ab nomine Latino,

id. 22, 38.—In this sense the gen. plur. is usually socium, Liv. 21, 17, 2; 22, 27, 11 et saep.:

socii navales,

id. 21, 50; v. navalis.—

sŏcĭa, ae, f.:

eos, qui nos socias sumpserunt sibi,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 45:

(eloquentia) pacis est comes otiique socia,

Cic. Brut. 12, 45:

vitae socia virtus, mortis comes gloria,

id. Font. 17, 39 (21, 49); cf.: est socia mortis homini vita ingloria, Publ. Syr. App. 213 Rib.:

nox socia,

Cic. Phil. 2, 18, 45:

quam plurimas uxores habent.... nulla pro sociā obtinet,

Sall. J. 80, 7:

addit se sociam,

Verg. E. 6, 20:

socias sorores Impietatis habet,

Ov. M. 4, 3:

hic socias tu quoque junge moras,

id. A. A. 1, 492:

sociae doloris casusque tui,

App. M. 5, p. 166, 18.— Poet.: socia generisque torique, related by blood and marriage, relative and wife (Juno), Ov. M. 1, 620; so,

tori,

id. ib. 8, 521;

10, 268: ulmus cum sociā vite,

id. ib. 14, 662.